The starter motor will only draw as much current as it requires regardless of whether the battery is rated at say (purely as an example) 380CCA or 520CCA.
As a different example, you can connect a timing light across the battery and it will only be using mA (milli amps). Each application will only draw what it requires to operate and no more.
This is essentially true for components which represent a lighter load than a starter motor (i.e. have a higher resistance). In such circumstances, simple Ohms Law may be applied and, as in your timing light example, they will draw a current given by Voltage divided by Resistance.
However, for heavier loads where the resistance is comparable in value to the internal resistance of the battery, simple Ohms Law s not enough. You then might want to apply Thevenin's or Norton's Theorems:-
A heavy load (i.e. low resistance starter motor) will draw so much current from the battery that the battery's internal resistance must be considered. This internal resistance has a limiting effect on the current the battery will supply to a very low resistance component. The starter motor is a series wound DC motor that needs current limiting at start up but once up to speed draws much less current.
As I say, general advice would be not to exceed specified CCA rating as it is not good for series wound motors. That is why such motors may be fitted with current limitimg devices in industrial applications for running them up to speed.
necpwa said:
A higher cold cranking capacity is an advantage, voltage less likely to drop as starter takes power and therefore likely to preserve the starter. A quick way to ruin a starter is to try and make it work hard on reduced voltage due to a duff battery.
Depends what you mean by "duff" battery? If the spefic gravity of the electrolyte is reduced for a variety of reasons (e.g. insufficinet charging or wrong quantities of acid and water), you may not be able to supply enough current to get the motor turning or the terminal volatge of the battery is too low (because the internal resistance is too high) then you are right. That is is why I advised using a battery of correct CCA specification as worked out by the guys who designed the car - I was assuming that the battery is properly mainatined, in which case you should not encounter these problems. A higher CCA will tend to give you an advantage in terms of starting quicker but, again, only at risk of burning out your starter motor windings by passing too much current through them when motor is stationary or running up to speed.
I love a good debate
It is only advice but I know what I will be doing when I buy batteries. As a professional engineer, you tend to learn (often the hard way at first) that there are often snags associated with over or under rating components.